Expression of MiR-9 promotes proliferation, migration and differentiation of human neural stem cells

Purpose: To investigate the effect of miR-9 on the proliferation, differentiation and migration of human neural stem cells (NSCs).Methods: The expression of miR-9 was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, while cell migration was studied by Transwell assay. The effect of miR-9 on differentiation of NSCs was investigated by western blot analysis of key differentiation marker proteins. Protein expression was determined by western blotting.Results: Transfection and over-expression of miR-9 in NSCs significantly enhanced the proliferation of NSCs (p < 0.05) in a time-dependent manner, as was evident from CCK8 assay data. MiR-9 overexpression caused down-regulation of Nestin and SOX-2, and up-regulation of Tuj-1 and MAP-2. The migration of NSCs was 37 % in the cells transfected with empty vector, compared to 68 % in the cells transfected with miR-9. This effect of miR-9 on cell migration was accompanied by up-regulation of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2).Conclusion: These results show that miR-9 promotes the proliferation, differentiation and migration of NSCs, and thus may be an important drug target for the generation of NSCs.Keywords: Neural stem cells, MicroRNA, Mir-9, Migration, Differentiation, Proliferatio

Poly[[μ2-1,3-bis­(imidazol-1-ylmeth­yl)benzene][μ2-2,2′-dihy­droxy-1,1′-methyl­enebis(naphthalene-3-carboxyl­ato)]zinc]

In the title compound, [Zn(C23H14O6)(C14H14N4)]n, the ZnII ion is four-coordinated in a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. The 1,3-bis­(imidazol-1-ylmeth­yl)benzene and 2,2′-dihy­droxy-1,1′-methyl­enebis(naphthalene-3-carboxy­l­ate) ligands con­nect the ZnII ions alternately in different directions, forming a layered structure parallel to the ac plane. Topological analysis reveals that the whole structure is a (4,4) network. The layers are further assembled into a three-dimensional supra­molecular structure via C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions

A novel essential splice site variant in SPTB in a large hereditary spherocytosis family

Peer reviewe

Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Global Warming in the Tibetan Plateau during the Last 50 Years Based on a Generalised Temperature Zone - Elevation Model

Temperature is one of the primary factors influencing the climate and ecosystem, and examining its change and fluctuation could elucidate the formation of novel climate patterns and trends. In this study, we constructed a generalised temperature zone elevation model (GTEM) to assess the trends of climate change and temporal-spatial differences in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) using the annual and monthly mean temperatures from 1961-2010 at 144 meteorological stations in and near the TP. The results showed the following: (1) The TP has undergone robust warming over the study period, and the warming rate was 0.318°C/decade. The warming has accelerated during recent decades, especially in the last 20 years, and the warming has been most significant in the winter months, followed by the spring, autumn and summer seasons. (2) Spatially, the zones that became significantly smaller were the temperature zones of -6°C and -4°C, and these have decreased 499.44 and 454.26 thousand sq km from 1961 to 2010 at average rates of 25.1% and 11.7%, respectively, over every 5-year interval. These quickly shrinking zones were located in the northwestern and central TP. (3) The elevation dependency of climate warming existed in the TP during 1961-2010, but this tendency has gradually been weakening due to more rapid warming at lower elevations than in the middle and upper elevations of the TP during 1991-2010. The higher regions and some low altitude valleys of the TP were the most significantly warming regions under the same categorizing criteria. Experimental evidence shows that the GTEM is an effective method to analyse climate changes in high altitude mountainous regions

Cognitions and questions regarding crustal deformation and location forecasts of strong earthquakes

AbstractUsing Global Positioning System(GPS) data to analyze the earthquake preparation characteristics of the Kunlun Ms8.1 and the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquakes, we review the main research developments of earthquake forecasting and the mechanisms of earthquake preparation using crustal deformation data from recent periods, and discuss the similarities and differences in the scientific approaches adopted by the Chinese and foreign scholars. We then analyze the deformation characteristics of earthquake preparation, with respect to slip and dip-slip faults. Our results show that, in order to understand the relationship between crustal deformation and earthquake preparation, research focus should be expanded from fault-scale to larger scale regions. Furthermore, the dynamic deformation characteristics associated with earthquake preparation must be considered as a multi-scale, spatial-temporal process, in order to obtain the necessary criteria for strong earthquake forecasts

The distributions and changes of the 2°C interval annual mean temperature zones in the characteristic years.

<p>The distributions and changes of the 2°C interval annual mean temperature zones in the characteristic years.</p

The mean elevations of each temperature zones in the characteristic years.

<p>The blue belt is the mean range of snowline/ELA of glaciers in the TP. The range is about 4200–5200 m asl. on average.</p

The relationship between the temperature zone (<i>S_n</i>) and the elevation (<i>h_n</i>) in Temperature zone - Elevation Model (TEM).

<p>Clearly, they are the linear relationship as <i>h_n</i> increases, the area of temperature zone <i>S_n</i> decreases correspondingly.</p

The distribution of the temperature zones in the TP in the characteristic years from 1961 to 2010 under the same categorizing criteria.

<p>The distribution of the temperature zones in the TP in the characteristic years from 1961 to 2010 under the same categorizing criteria.</p